# International emergency calling requirements

Canonical: https://warmtransfer.net/knowledge/emergency-calling-international

Last verified: 2026-09-24

International emergency calling requirements govern how voice platforms deliver location information and route calls to emergency services across different jurisdictions[^25][^51]. Regulatory frameworks and cloud carrier implementations diverge significantly between North America and international regions[^60][^32].

## International regulatory frameworks

ITU-T Recommendation E.161.1, titled "Guidelines to select Emergency Number for public telecommunications networks", was approved on 23 September 2008 and is listed as in force[^29].

In the European Union, the European Commission states that 112 can be reached free of charge everywhere in the EU from fixed and mobile phones[^13]. Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 was adopted on 16 December 2022 to supplement Directive (EU) 2018/1972 (the European Electronic Communications Code) with measures ensuring effective access to emergency services through the single European emergency number 112[^25][^15]. Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 covers caller location information solutions, access for end-users with disabilities, and routing to the most appropriate Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP)[^24]. It requires emergency communications to be routed without delay to the most appropriate PSAP[^23]. 

Under Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444, emergency communications should trigger both network-based caller location and handset-derived caller location where handset-derived information is available[^18]. Caller location accuracy for fixed networks is expressed as information related to the physical address of the network termination point, with reliability expressed as a percentage success rate[^19]. For mobile networks, accuracy is expressed in metres for a horizontal search area, while reliability is expressed as the percentage success rate of establishing and transmitting that search area[^21]. However, the regulation leaves the actual criteria for accuracy and reliability to each Member State's competent authorities rather than fixing EU-wide numeric thresholds[^20]. 

Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 also mandates that emergency access for end-users with disabilities must be two-way and interactive, function across Member States without pre-registration, be free of charge, and carry caller location of equivalent accuracy and reliability[^17]. Member States were required to report a roadmap for moving emergency communications to packet-switched technology by 5 November 2023, including deployment dates for voice, text, and video[^22]. The European Commission describes these roadmaps as plans to upgrade national PSAP systems to all-IP communications[^14]. Member States were also required to report their caller location accuracy and reliability criteria, as well as their assessment of access means for end-users with disabilities, by 5 March 2024[^16]. In addition, the EU Roaming Regulation requires service providers to send an SMS about 112 to travellers entering another EU country[^26].

In Germany, TKG § 164(1) requires providers of publicly available number-based interpersonal telecommunications services to enable free emergency calls to 112 and 110, route them immediately to the responsible emergency call centre (Notrufabfragestelle), and transmit the caller's number and location data[^8]. These connections must be established with priority over other connections[^10]. German TKG § 164(3) requires equivalent, free emergency access through relay services for people with disabilities[^11]. Under German TKG § 164(6), the Bundesnetzagentur issues the Technische Richtlinie Notrufverbindungen (TR Notruf) setting technical details such as location accuracy and reliability criteria, and obligated parties must comply no later than 1 year after publication[^12].

In the United Kingdom, both 999 and 112 reach the same national emergency call service, with 112 serving as the pan-European equivalent of 999[^52]. BT plc answers UK 999 and 112 calls in 1 of 7 call-handling centres and routes them to the appropriate emergency service control room using automatic caller location data[^53].

In Australia, the Telecommunications (Emergency Call Service) Determination 2019 sets carrier and carriage service provider requirements for the emergency service numbers 000, 112 and 106[^1]. The Australian Emergency Call Service Determination 2019 contains a charging division that includes a free access by end-users requirement[^2]. The Australian Emergency Call Service Determination 2019 requires emergency calls to be transferred with the highest priority[^3]. The current compilation of the Australian Emergency Call Service Determination 2019 includes a section requiring welfare checks during major outages[^4].

## Microsoft Teams international emergency calling

Teams Calling Plan, Operator Connect, and Teams Phone Mobile users are automatically enabled for emergency calling using the emergency numbers of the country or region set as their Microsoft 365 usage location[^51]. For Calling Plans, while the US and Canada require an emergency location when a number is assigned to a user, regions such as EMEA require an emergency location when the number is acquired from Microsoft 365 or ported in from another carrier[^34].

Dynamic location routing for Calling Plans is documented only for the United States and Canada; in Canada, every emergency call is screened nationally before transfer to the PSAP[^32]. In contrast, emergency calling is not supported in Japan on Microsoft Calling Plans[^33]. Routing mechanisms for other countries vary:
- In Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland, the address registered to the number is held in a national emergency database, and the PSAP looks it up from the calling line identity[^35].
- In Austria, the Netherlands, and Portugal, calls are routed to the PSAP based on the location area code or first digits of the caller's number; Austria has no national emergency database[^38].
- In the United Kingdom, Ireland, Luxembourg, and New Zealand, calls are screened to determine the user's current location and then routed to the local PSAP[^40].
- In Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, and Slovenia, emergency calls go to the local PSAP based on number prefix, while calls from non-geographic numbers go to the national PSAP[^36].
- In Romania, VoIP emergency calls go to a National Call Center in Bucharest, where an operator confirms location and re-routes the call to the local PSAP[^39].
- In Singapore, calls route to the Emergency Call Center based on the dialled number, and the operator requires the caller to provide their address[^41].
- In Australia, emergency addresses are configured and routed by Microsoft's carrier partner[^31].
- In Norway, calls route directly to the PSAP serving the emergency address linked to the number; if no address was provided, routing follows the old geographic number plan to the nearest centre[^37].

Microsoft notes that emergency address geo codes are used in some countries or regions to assist in routing emergency calls with dynamic locations[^48]. Testing via the 933 emergency test number is documented only for Calling Plan, Operator Connect, and Teams Phone Mobile users in the US and Canada, whereas US Direct Routing customers coordinate testing with their ERSP[^30].

For Teams Direct Routing, dynamic location routing is documented in the United States, as well as in Canada where calls are screened nationally prior to PSAP transfer[^42]. Microsoft lists 2 methods to route Direct Routing emergency calls dynamically: Emergency Routing Service Providers (ERSPs) and Session Border Controller (SBC) ELIN applications[^45]. Sources disagree on the geographic availability of ERSPs: Microsoft's Direct Routing considerations page describes ERSPs as a US-only solution, whereas its dynamic emergency calling configuration page states that Direct Routing requires an ERSP connection in the United States and Canada or an SBC ELIN application[^47][^46]. Under the ELIN approach, the SBC matches the dynamic emergency location to an ELIN record, swaps the calling number for the ELIN, and sends the call to the PSAP, which retrieves the address from the PSTN database; on callback, the SBC reverses the replacement[^43]. A Direct Routing client that cannot obtain an emergency call routing policy from either its network site or user account is not enabled for emergency calling[^44].

Microsoft's emergency calling terms state that Phone System emergency calls are not supported and not expected to work during network or power outages when the client is offline or cannot reach the internet[^50]. Furthermore, Microsoft terms instruct Calling Plan users not to place emergency calls outside their home country or region, because the call will likely not route to the appropriate call centre[^49].

## Webex Calling and Zoom Phone international routing

Enhanced Emergency Calling for Webex Calling provides dynamic, location-based PSAP routing only in the United States, US territories, and Canada[^60][^5]. Webex Calling locations outside the US and Canada must rely on local PSTN emergency routing[^60][^6]. Across its per-country dial plan documentation, Webex Calling prohibits assigning emergency numbers within an internal extension dial plan[^7].

Zoom Phone states that many countries and Bring Your Own Carrier (BYOC) providers do not support next-generation emergency call signalling and require Emergency Response Locations (ERLs) and Emergency Location Identification Numbers (ELINs) instead[^57]. For users and phones outside the US and Canada, Zoom reports the originating caller ID to emergency services instead of a dynamic location[^55]. An ELIN assignment is required by Zoom Phone for every location where the emergency address is outside the US or Canada[^56]. Zoom Phone updates the public address of record for each ELIN phone number to match the emergency address defined for that location[^54]. Zoom's customer notification warns that emergency calling may be unavailable on certain international ported numbers until address validation finishes[^58]. If a user fails to update their Registered Location, emergency calls will route using the prior Registered Location and may fail to reach the proper local centre[^59].

WarmTransfer's reading of the sources is that outside the US and Canada, documented Teams Direct Routing ELIN mechanisms and Zoom Phone mechanisms deliver caller location via the calling number coupled with a carrier or national address-of-record database lookup, rather than via PIDF-LO in SIP signalling[^28]. Furthermore, WarmTransfer's reading of the sources is that a cloud-calling user dialing an emergency number while travelling abroad may be routed to a PSAP tied to their registered address rather than their physical whereabouts[^27].

## See also

- See also [Teams emergency calling and location policies](https://warmtransfer.net/knowledge/teams-emergency-calling).
- See also [Webex Calling enhanced emergency calling](https://warmtransfer.net/knowledge/webex-calling-emergency-calling).
- See also [US emergency calling regulatory requirements](https://warmtransfer.net/knowledge/e911-us-regulatory).
- See also [Dispatchable location and nomadic user handling](https://warmtransfer.net/knowledge/dispatchable-location).
- See also [NG911 and i3 architecture transition](https://warmtransfer.net/knowledge/ng911-transition).
- See also [Cisco Emergency Responder](https://warmtransfer.net/knowledge/cucm-emergency-responder).
- See also [Cisco Emergency Responder setup](https://warmtransfer.net/knowledge/cisco-emergency-responder-setup).

## Applicability

Applies to: Microsoft Teams Phone, Cisco Webex Calling, Microsoft Teams Phone with Calling Plans, Microsoft Teams Phone with Direct Routing, and Zoom Phone. Deployments: multi-tenant, all, and mobile. Sources checked 2026-09-24.

For Webex Calling E911, coverage is restricted to the United States, US territories, and Canada, while international locations are excluded and rely on local PSTN connections[^60][^5][^6]. German requirements apply under German TKG § 164(1)[^8]. Australian requirements apply under the Telecommunications (Emergency Call Service) Determination 2019[^1]. International Telecommunication Union provisions cite ITU-T Recommendation E.161.1 approved on 23 September 2008[^29].

## What remains uncertain

Whether service providers outside the United States and Canada accept PIDF-LO location objects inside SIP INVITE requests for emergency routing is not covered by the sources below.

Specific numeric thresholds adopted by individual EU Member States for mobile horizontal search area accuracy and reliability under Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 are not covered by the sources below.

Emergency calling support and location routing behaviors for Microsoft Teams Calling Plans in countries not explicitly cataloged by Microsoft documentation are not covered by the sources below.

## Sources

[^1]: Australia's Telecommunications (Emergency Call Service) Determination 2019 sets carrier and carriage service provider requirements for the emergency service numbers 000, 112 and 106. Source: [Telecommunications (Emergency Call Service) Determination 2019](https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2019L01509/latest/text), Part 2 Division 2.2, sections 15-18 (headings). Checked 2026-09-24.
[^2]: The Australian Emergency Call Service Determination 2019 contains a charging division that includes a 'Free access by end-users' requirement. Source: [Telecommunications (Emergency Call Service) Determination 2019](https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2019L01509/latest/text), Division 2.6, section 33 (heading). Checked 2026-09-24.
[^3]: The Australian Emergency Call Service Determination 2019 requires emergency calls to be transferred with the highest priority. Source: [Telecommunications (Emergency Call Service) Determination 2019](https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2019L01509/latest/text), Section 21 (heading 'Requirement to transfer calls with the highest priority'). Checked 2026-09-24.
[^4]: The current compilation of the Australian Emergency Call Service Determination 2019 includes a section requiring welfare checks during major outages. Source: [Telecommunications (Emergency Call Service) Determination 2019](https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2019L01509/latest/text), Division 2.4, section 28 (heading 'Welfare checks – major outages'). Checked 2026-09-24.
[^5]: The Webex Calling E911 service provides dynamic, location-based routing to PSAPs only in the US, its territories and Canada. Source: [Enhanced Emergency Calling for Webex Calling](https://help.webex.com/en-us/article/av6oo3/Enhanced-Emergency-Calling-for-Webex-Calling), Article introduction / overview. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^6]: In Webex Calling, US or Canada locations can use E911, while international locations continue to use their PSTN connection for emergency calling. Source: [Enhanced Emergency Calling for Webex Calling](https://help.webex.com/en-us/article/av6oo3/Enhanced-Emergency-Calling-for-Webex-Calling), Section on locations outside the US and Canada. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^7]: Webex Calling does not allow emergency numbers to be assigned in an internal (extension) dial plan; its per-country dial plan documentation repeats this restriction under each country's emergency numbers. Source: [Dial plans by country](https://help.webex.com/757iyo), 'Emergency numbers' subheading under each country (verified for African countries only). Checked 2026-09-24.
[^8]: German TKG § 164(1) requires providers of publicly available number-based interpersonal telecommunications services to enable free emergency calls to 112 and 110, route them immediately to the responsible emergency call centre (Notrufabfragestelle), and transmit the caller's number and location data. Source: [Telekommunikationsgesetz (TKG 2021) § 164 Notruf](https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tkg_2021/__164.html), § 164 Abs. 1. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^9]: German TKG § 164(4) requires providers of number-independent services that enable emergency communication to transmit location data. Source: [Telekommunikationsgesetz (TKG 2021) § 164 Notruf](https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tkg_2021/__164.html), § 164 Abs. 4. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^10]: German TKG § 164(1) requires emergency connections to be set up with priority over other connections. Source: [Telekommunikationsgesetz (TKG 2021) § 164 Notruf](https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tkg_2021/__164.html), § 164 Abs. 1. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^11]: German TKG § 164(3) requires equivalent, free emergency access through relay services for people with disabilities. Source: [Telekommunikationsgesetz (TKG 2021) § 164 Notruf](https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tkg_2021/__164.html), § 164 Abs. 3. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^12]: Under German TKG § 164(6), the Bundesnetzagentur issues the Technische Richtlinie Notrufverbindungen (TR Notruf), which sets technical details including location accuracy and reliability criteria; obligated parties must comply no later than one year after it is published. Source: [Telekommunikationsgesetz (TKG 2021) § 164 Notruf](https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tkg_2021/__164.html), § 164 Abs. 6. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^13]: The European Commission states that 112 can be reached free of charge everywhere in the EU, from fixed and mobile phones. Source: [112 - the EU's emergency phone number](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/112), Page introduction. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^14]: The European Commission describes the Member State roadmaps under Delegated Regulation 2023/444 as plans to upgrade national PSAP systems to all-IP communications that support voice, text and video. Source: [112 - the EU's emergency phone number](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/112), Section on technical transition. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^15]: Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 was adopted by the Commission on 16 December 2022. Source: [Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 of 16 December 2022 supplementing Directive (EU) 2018/1972 with measures to ensure effective access to emergency services through emergency communications to the single European emergency number '112'](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R0444), Title ('of 16 December 2022'). Checked 2026-09-24.
[^16]: Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 required Member States to report their caller location accuracy and reliability criteria, and their assessment of access means for end-users with disabilities, by 5 March 2024. Source: [Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 of 16 December 2022 supplementing Directive (EU) 2018/1972 with measures to ensure effective access to emergency services through emergency communications to the single European emergency number '112'](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R0444), Article 8. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^17]: Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 requires emergency access for end-users with disabilities to be two-way and interactive, to work across Member States without pre-registration, to be free of charge, and to carry caller location of equivalent accuracy and reliability. Source: [Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 of 16 December 2022 supplementing Directive (EU) 2018/1972 with measures to ensure effective access to emergency services through emergency communications to the single European emergency number '112'](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R0444), Article 4. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^18]: Under Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444, an emergency communication should trigger both network-based caller location and handset-derived caller location where the handset-derived information is available. Source: [Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 of 16 December 2022 supplementing Directive (EU) 2018/1972 with measures to ensure effective access to emergency services through emergency communications to the single European emergency number '112'](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R0444), Recital (9). Checked 2026-09-24.
[^19]: For fixed networks, Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 expresses caller location accuracy as information related to the physical address of the network termination point, and reliability as a success rate in percent. Source: [Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 of 16 December 2022 supplementing Directive (EU) 2018/1972 with measures to ensure effective access to emergency services through emergency communications to the single European emergency number '112'](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R0444), Article 3(2). Checked 2026-09-24.
[^20]: Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 leaves the actual criteria for caller location accuracy and reliability to each Member State's competent authorities rather than fixing EU-wide numeric thresholds. Source: [112 - the EU's emergency phone number](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/112), Section on caller location / delegated regulation. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^21]: For mobile networks, Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 expresses caller location accuracy in metres for a horizontal search area, and reliability as the percentage success rate of establishing and transmitting that search area. Source: [Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 of 16 December 2022 supplementing Directive (EU) 2018/1972 with measures to ensure effective access to emergency services through emergency communications to the single European emergency number '112'](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R0444), Article 3(3). Checked 2026-09-24.
[^22]: Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 required Member States to report, by 5 November 2023, a roadmap for moving emergency communications to packet-switched technology, with deployment dates for voice, text and video. Source: [Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 of 16 December 2022 supplementing Directive (EU) 2018/1972 with measures to ensure effective access to emergency services through emergency communications to the single European emergency number '112'](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R0444), Article 7. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^23]: Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 requires emergency communications to be routed without delay to the most appropriate PSAP. Source: [Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 of 16 December 2022 supplementing Directive (EU) 2018/1972 with measures to ensure effective access to emergency services through emergency communications to the single European emergency number '112'](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R0444), Article 5. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^24]: Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 covers three subjects: caller location information solutions, access for end-users with disabilities, and routing to the most appropriate PSAP. Source: [Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 of 16 December 2022 supplementing Directive (EU) 2018/1972 with measures to ensure effective access to emergency services through emergency communications to the single European emergency number '112'](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R0444), Article 1 (Subject matter, scope and definitions). Checked 2026-09-24.
[^25]: Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 supplements Directive (EU) 2018/1972 (the European Electronic Communications Code) with measures to ensure effective access to emergency services through emergency communications to the single European emergency number 112. Source: [Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/444 of 16 December 2022 supplementing Directive (EU) 2018/1972 with measures to ensure effective access to emergency services through emergency communications to the single European emergency number '112'](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R0444), Title; Article 1. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^26]: The EU Roaming Regulation requires service providers to send an SMS about 112 to travellers entering another EU country. Source: [112 - the EU's emergency phone number](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/112), Section on roaming. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^27]: A cloud-calling user who dials an emergency number while travelling in a different country from their number's registered address may be routed to a PSAP associated with the registered address rather than the one where they are (inferred). Source: [Emergency calling terms and conditions - Microsoft Teams](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/emergency-calling-terms-and-conditions), Section 'IMPORTANT INFORMATION', item (iii); read with Zoom notice limitation on registered location. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^28]: Outside the US and Canada, the documented Teams Direct Routing (ELIN) and Zoom Phone mechanisms both deliver caller location through the calling number and a carrier or national address-of-record lookup, not through PIDF-LO in the SIP signalling (inferred). Source: [Considerations for Direct Routing](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-direct-routing), Section 'Emergency Location Identification Number applications'; read with Zoom KB0064642 and KB0062169. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^29]: ITU-T Recommendation E.161.1, 'Guidelines to select Emergency Number for public telecommunications networks', was approved on 23 September 2008 and is listed as in force. Source: [E.161.1 : Guidelines to select Emergency Number for public telecommunications networks](https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-E.161.1-200809-I), Recommendation landing page header. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^30]: The Teams emergency test number 933 is documented only for Calling Plan, Operator Connect and Teams Phone Mobile users in the United States or Canada; US Direct Routing customers are told to coordinate testing with their ERSP. Source: [Configure dynamic emergency calling](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/configure-dynamic-emergency-calling), Section 'Test emergency calling'. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^31]: For Teams Calling Plans in Australia, emergency addresses are configured and routed by Microsoft's carrier partner. Source: [Considerations for Calling Plans](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-calling-plan), Section 'Emergency call routing for different countries/regions', row Australia. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^32]: Dynamic location for routing emergency calls under Teams Calling Plans is documented only for the United States and Canada; in Canada, every emergency call is screened nationally before being transferred to the PSAP. Source: [Considerations for Calling Plans](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-calling-plan), Section 'Dynamic emergency calling for Calling Plans'. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^33]: Microsoft's Calling Plan per-country table says emergency calling is not supported in Japan. Source: [Considerations for Calling Plans](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-calling-plan), Section 'Emergency call routing for different countries/regions', row Japan. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^34]: For Teams Calling Plans, the US and Canada require an emergency location when a number is assigned to a user; in other countries/regions such as EMEA, an emergency location is required when the number is acquired from Microsoft 365 or ported in from another carrier. Source: [Considerations for Calling Plans](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-calling-plan), Section 'Emergency call enablement for Calling Plans'. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^35]: For Teams Calling Plans in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland, the address registered to the number is held in a national emergency database, and the PSAP looks it up from the calling line identity. Source: [Considerations for Calling Plans](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-calling-plan), Section 'Emergency call routing for different countries/regions', rows Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^36]: For Teams Calling Plans in Croatia, Estonia, Latvia and Slovenia, emergency calls go to the local PSAP based on the number prefix, and calls from non-geographic numbers go to the national PSAP. Source: [Considerations for Calling Plans](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-calling-plan), Section 'Emergency call routing for different countries/regions', rows Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Slovenia. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^37]: For Teams Calling Plans in Norway, emergency calls go directly to the PSAP serving the emergency address linked to the number; if no address was provided, the call is routed by the old geographic number plan to the nearest emergency centre. Source: [Considerations for Calling Plans](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-calling-plan), Section 'Emergency call routing for different countries/regions', row Norway. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^38]: For Teams Calling Plans in Austria, the Netherlands and Portugal, emergency calls are routed to the PSAP based on the location area code or first digits of the caller's number, and Austria has no national emergency database. Source: [Considerations for Calling Plans](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-calling-plan), Section 'Emergency call routing for different countries/regions', rows Austria, Netherlands, Portugal. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^39]: For Teams Calling Plans in Romania, emergency calls from a VoIP number go to a National Call Center in Bucharest, whose operator confirms the caller's location and re-routes the call to the local PSAP. Source: [Considerations for Calling Plans](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-calling-plan), Section 'Emergency call routing for different countries/regions', row Romania. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^40]: For Teams Calling Plans in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Luxembourg and New Zealand, emergency calls are first screened to determine the user's current location and then routed to the local PSAP. Source: [Considerations for Calling Plans](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-calling-plan), Section 'Emergency call routing for different countries/regions', rows United Kingdom, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^41]: For Teams Calling Plans in Singapore, emergency calls are routed to the Emergency Call Center based on the number dialled, and the operator requires the caller to give their address. Source: [Considerations for Calling Plans](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-calling-plan), Section 'Emergency call routing for different countries/regions', row Singapore. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^42]: For Teams Direct Routing users, Microsoft documents dynamic location for routing emergency calls in the United States, and in Canada with the same behaviour except that all calls are screened nationally before transfer to the PSAP. Source: [Considerations for Direct Routing](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-direct-routing), Section 'Dynamic emergency calling for Direct Routing'. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^43]: With an SBC ELIN application under Teams Direct Routing, the SBC matches the caller's dynamic emergency location to an ELIN record, replaces the caller's number with the ELIN, and routes the call to the PSAP, which gets the location from the ELIN record uploaded to the PSTN emergency database. On a callback to the ELIN, the application reverses the substitution. Source: [Considerations for Direct Routing](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-direct-routing), Section 'Emergency Location Identification Number applications'. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^44]: Under Teams Direct Routing, a Teams client that cannot obtain an emergency call routing policy from either its network site or the user account is not enabled for emergency calling. Source: [Considerations for Direct Routing](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-direct-routing), Section 'Emergency call enablement for Direct Routing'. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^45]: Microsoft lists two ways to dynamically route Direct Routing emergency calls: Emergency Routing Service Providers and ELIN applications on the Session Border Controller. Source: [Considerations for Direct Routing](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-direct-routing), Section 'Emergency call routing for Direct Routing'. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^46]: Microsoft's Configure dynamic emergency calling page says Direct Routing needs either a connection to an Emergency Routing Service provider (United States and Canada) or an SBC ELIN application (disputed). Source: [Configure dynamic emergency calling](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/configure-dynamic-emergency-calling), Section 'Set up an Emergency Routing Service provider'. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^47]: Microsoft's Direct Routing considerations page labels Emergency Routing Service Providers as a US-only solution (disputed). Source: [Considerations for Direct Routing](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/considerations-direct-routing), Section 'Emergency call routing for Direct Routing', bullet 'Emergency Routing Service Providers (US only)'. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^48]: Microsoft says emergency address geo codes are used in some countries/regions to help route emergency calls that have dynamic locations. Source: [Plan and manage emergency calling](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/what-are-emergency-locations-addresses-and-call-routing), Section 'Emergency address geo codes'. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^49]: Microsoft's emergency calling terms say Calling Plan users should not make emergency calls from outside their home country/region, because the call will likely not be routed to the appropriate call centre in that country/region. Source: [Emergency calling terms and conditions - Microsoft Teams](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/emergency-calling-terms-and-conditions), Section 'IMPORTANT INFORMATION', item (iii). Checked 2026-09-24.
[^50]: Microsoft's emergency calling terms say emergency calls through Phone System are not supported and not expected to work when the Teams client is offline or the device cannot reach the internet, for example during a network or power outage. Source: [Emergency calling terms and conditions - Microsoft Teams](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/emergency-calling-terms-and-conditions), Section 'IMPORTANT INFORMATION', item (ii). Checked 2026-09-24.
[^51]: Teams Calling Plan, Operator Connect and Teams Phone Mobile users are automatically enabled for emergency calling with the emergency numbers of the country/region set as their Microsoft 365 usage location. Source: [Configure dynamic emergency calling](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/configure-dynamic-emergency-calling), Section 'Configure emergency policies', parenthetical under Emergency call routing policy. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^52]: In the UK, both 999 and 112 reach the same national emergency call service; 112 is the pan-European equivalent of 999. Source: [999 and 112: the UK's national emergency numbers](https://www.gov.uk/guidance/999-and-112-the-uks-national-emergency-numbers), Opening section. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^53]: GOV.UK states that BT plc answers UK 999/112 calls in one of 7 call-handling centres and routes them to the appropriate emergency service control room using automatic caller location data. Source: [999 and 112: the UK's national emergency numbers](https://www.gov.uk/guidance/999-and-112-the-uks-national-emergency-numbers), Section on how calls are handled. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^54]: Zoom Phone updates the public address of record for each phone number used as an ELIN to match the emergency address defined for the corresponding location. Source: [Setting up emergency response locations (ERL/ELIN)](https://support.zoom.com/hc/en/article?id=zm_kb&sysparm_article=KB0064642), Section on ELIN usage / address of record. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^55]: For Zoom Phone users and phones outside the US and Canada, Zoom reports the originating caller ID to emergency services rather than a dynamic location. Source: [Setting up nomadic emergency services](https://support.zoom.com/hc/en/article?id=zm_kb&sysparm_article=KB0062169), Section on location priority. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^56]: Zoom Phone requires an ELIN assignment for every location whose emergency address is outside the US or Canada. Source: [Setting up emergency response locations (ERL/ELIN)](https://support.zoom.com/hc/en/article?id=zm_kb&sysparm_article=KB0064642), Section on locations requiring ELIN. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^57]: Zoom says many countries and BYOC carriers do not support next-generation emergency call signalling and require ERL and ELIN instead. Source: [Setting up emergency response locations (ERL/ELIN)](https://support.zoom.com/hc/en/article?id=zm_kb&sysparm_article=KB0064642), Article introduction. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^58]: Zoom's global emergency calling notice says emergency calling may not be available for certain ported numbers until emergency address validation is complete. Source: [Zoom Phone Emergency Calling Services Customer Notification for Global Customers](https://explore.zoom.us/en/eu-emergency-calling-notice/), Limitation on international ported numbers. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^59]: Zoom's global emergency calling notice says that if a user does not update their Registered Location, emergency calls are routed by the previous Registered Location and may not reach the appropriate local emergency call centre. Source: [Zoom Phone Emergency Calling Services Customer Notification for Global Customers](https://explore.zoom.us/en/eu-emergency-calling-notice/), Limitation on registered location. Checked 2026-09-24.
[^60]: Enhanced Emergency Calling for Webex Calling covers the United States, United States territories and Canada; locations elsewhere must rely on local PSTN emergency routing. Source: [Enhanced Emergency Calling for Webex Calling](https://help.webex.com/en-us/article/av6oo3/Enhanced-Emergency-Calling-for-Webex-Calling), Overview. Checked 2026-09-04.